Earthling

Earthlings play just as predominant role as Saiyans do in the DBverse.

Name
It is rare for Earthlings to have family names. The Son family is the only known example of an Earthling family with a surname in the original version of the manga. (The Brief family is an exception in the English dubs of the anime.) As such, if someone were to have a title, such as "Doctor," it would come before their first name as they possess no last name (for example: Dr. Brief). Despite this, in the English dub, for example, there are a number of characters (namely tertiary) whom have surnames, likely to give more individual identity to the Earthlings.

Earthlings are named after a wide variety of objects, though they are often named for different foods or food-related items.

Vegeta Jr. is the first member of the Brief Family to have a name that is of Saiyan origin as he is the fifth person in his family to bare the name Vegeta, being named after his ancestor Prince Vegeta IV. Vegeta also planned to give his goddaughter the Saiyan name Eschalot after his mother the Queen but Bulma beat him to it and named her Bra. The Saiyan, Kakarot, was given the Earthling name of Son Goku by his adoptive Grandpa Gohan, though the other surviving pure Saiyans such as Vegeta tend to refer to Goku by his birth name and in Dragon Ball Super: Broly, Goku gives both names when he introduces himself to Broly and his two companions (in the Funimation dub, Goku actually insists that Broly refer to him by his birth name). However, the Saiyans of Universe 6 tend to refer to him as Goku instead of Kakarot.

Physiology
With the exception of some uncommon hair colors (e.g. blue, pink, green, and a few others) and occasionally odd features (ranging from longer lifespans to lycanthropy), Dragon Ball humans are identical to their real-life counterparts. Some exceptionally large human-type Earthlings exist, such as Pintar. Earthlings in Dragon Ball seem to be able to utilize or be affected by certain elements of magic, with Fortuneteller Baba being one of the prime examples.

Some Earthlings have rare odd psychological traits that manifest physically, such as Launch's personality and appearance changing together when she sneezes from the blue-haired Good Launch to the blonde-haired Bad Launch, or Man-Wolf's transformation from a Wolf Animal-type Earthling to a Human-type Earthling when he sees or believes he is seeing a full moon via hypnosis.

Akira Toriyama himself has admitted to lack of forethought or planning when it comes to the details of Dragon Ball's story, which accounts for some of the strange occurrences and plot holes.

However due to some Earthlings having a variety of odd traits, the Saiyan Goku was able to blend in with the Earthling population and until the arrival of Raditz, it was largely assumed that Goku was just another Earthling with odd traits (such as his Tail & Great Ape transformation) which he had seemingly passed on to his son, Gohan until it was revealed that Goku and by extension his son were among the last surviving Saiyans and that these seemingly odd traits were actually common among Saiyans.

Animal
Also known as "Beastmen", utilizing the Animorphaline drug can humans become them.

Monster
The most notable monster-type to appear in the series is Emperor Pilaf.

Hybrid
Saiyan-Human hybrids exist due to the Son, Brief, and Nappa familes. Shinhans and Jajee are the hybrid descendants of Three-Eyed People-Earthling hybrids.

Power
It is said that a single Saiyan infant would be capable of destroying the average human population on its own (in fact, Goku was sent as an infant to Earth for that exact purpose according to Bardock - The Father of Goku and most sources that predate Dragon Ball Minus). The only "normal" Earthling whose power level is reported in the manga and anime is a farmer, whose power level is 5 according to Raditz's scouter.

At the peak power to which a human-type Earthling can get without possessing ki manipulation or special powers, they can perform feats like destroying walls with physical blows, leaping great heights, moving fast enough to appear invisible to an ordinary human, and, in the anime, even pulling buses and punching through metal. Prime examples of a peak-powered human-type Earthling are Bora, Pamput, King Chappa, Nam, Mr. Satan, and the Z Fighters. Beast-type and some monster-type Earthlings possess greater physical strength than an average human-type simply due to their larger physiques. A good point of comparison for these scales of strength would be the punching machine for the 25th World Martial Arts Tournament; a human of peak physical ability (although stated to have slacked in his training in recent years), Mr. Satan, was able to score 137 points on this machine. Most of the other trained human fighters scored between 70 and 100 points, whilst a beast-type Earthling was able to score 112. In comparison, Android 18, a cyborg, scored 774 with an incredibly light and casual tap, and even Krillin was unable to dial down his power to score less than 192 points whilst trying to hit as lightly as possible.

Lifespan
There are a handful of humans who have lived well over 150 years, and are still functionally healthy. However, it should be noted that these exceptions could very well be caused by either external magical intervention or training into superhuman physical prowess, such as Fortuneteller Baba and Master Roshi.

Reproduction
It should be noted that certain Earthling types can be attracted to Earthlings of a different type as the Animal-Type Oolong has been shown to have an attraction to Human-type females and even kidnapped several Human-type females to be his bride. Additionally, the Monster-Type Emperor Pilaf is shown to have Dirty magazines featuring Animal-Type Earthlings and Gokuden 3 features Animal/Monster-Type hybrids implying different Earthling types can interbreed to produce hybrids.

Hybridization
Humans and Saiyans are able to produce fertile offspring due to biological compatibility. These so-called "half-Saiyans" include Gohan, Goten, Trunks, Bra, Raditz Jr., Stocking, Potato and Tomato.

In Super Dragon Ball Heroes: World Mission, Beat is an Earthling-Saiyan hybrid descendant of the main timeline Goku (it isn't clarified whether he is descended from Gohan or Goten's family lines) and like Gohan, Goten, Goku Jr., and Goku's Earthling descendants in Dragon Ball Online, Beat can achieve his natural Super Saiyan form as an Earthling-Saiyan hybrid in Chapter 3, Sub Chapter 4 of Story Mode where Beat (as Great Saiyaman 4) achieves the transformation through rage at Legendary Super Saiyan Broly after he had seemingly killed Note (in reality she is simply knocked out cold) with a Ki Blast when she tried to defend Great Saiyaman 4 who was being attacked by the deranged Broly who was under the delusion that the boy was Kakarot. The transformation causes Beat's Great Saiyaman Suit to deactivate. In the form, Beat's power skyrockets to the point he is stronger than Legendary Super Saiyan 3 Broly who the young Super Saiyan toys with in order to punish him for hurting Note, forcing the crazed Saiyan to resort to Super Saiyan 4 which proves to much for Beat to handle on his own, though Super Saiyan 4 Xeno Goku and SSJ4 Xeno Vegeta provide him backup, allowing them to overcome Broly with their teamwork, weakening him to the point SSJ Beat can kill SSJ4 Broly with a Ki Blast.

Additionally in Chapter 5, Sub Chapter 4 of Story Mode, after Beat and his teammates revert to their natural bodies and SSJ4 Xeno Goku & SSJ4 Xeno Vegeta revert to base, the seven Earthling Dragon Ball Heroes decide to transfer their remaining power into Beat that allows him to achieve his Super Saiyan God Super Saiyan form in a manner reminiscent of the Super Saiyan God ritual (though with seven Earthlings giving their power to a Earthling-Saiyan hybrid and achieving Super Saiyan Blue instead of Super Saiyan God).